Billy Russell
FP&A Strategist, Cube Software
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Operating cash flow is the cash that comes in (and goes out of) company accounts from their main business activities. So for a chain of pet shops, for example, operating cash flow would include all the money paid from selling dog food, bird cages, fish tanks, and everything else in-store, as well as expenses such as wholesale costs for the goods and staff wages. It's important to note that operating cash flow doesn’t include figures outside of the company’s core business (e.g., interest costs on company debt, gains made on investments, or interest generated on cash holdings). It’s for this reason that operating cash flow is a useful indicator of a company's efficiency and the overall financial health of its business model. If you want to start digging into your company’s cash flow, you need to start with the cash flow statement. The statement of cash flows is split into three parts, but the one we want to focus on is the Operating Activities section. This section focuses on cash flow related to core business operations. Before you start digging into the numbers, you need to understand the operating cash flow formula. There are two options for this: the direct and indirect method. You can find out more about the direct vs. indirect methods here. For the purposes of this blog, we’re going to focus on the indirect formula, which is: Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization - Net Working Capital The operating cash flow formula provides a true picture of the cash coming in and going out of a business, taking out the impacts of account techniques aimed at reducing tax and accounting for outstanding accounts payable and receivable. Depreciation and amortization is added back to net income, as it’s an accounting deduction which doesn’t reflect a real reduction in cash. The change to net working capital solves the issue of accounts payable or accounts receivable that have been raised but not yet paid or received. Once you’ve used the operating cash flow formula to calculate operating cash flow for the company, you may notice some details within the data that give you some insight into the financial health of your company. For example, net income figures may be down substantially from the previous period which could be a cause for concern. However, if there has been a much higher level of depreciation due to new asset purchases, these numbers will be added back in the operating cash flow formula, giving a clearer picture of your company’s performance. It can also be useful to build comparisons. These can be made to previous years, to assess the overall trends of the financial efficiency and management of cash against past periods. At the same time, comparisons can be made against industry leaders or industry averages to give more context. Luckily for finance and FP&A teams, there are many ways to improve financial efficiency and grow cash inflows. The following is a small sample of cash flow best practices and strategies which can help, giving you a starting point to improve the management of cash and boost inflows. Yes, this seems obvious, but one of the best ways to improve operating cash flow is to increase revenue through higher sales numbers. While the overall strategy might be simple, there are almost unlimited ways to achieve it. It could be as simple as increasing the size of your sales force or raising their targets. You could lower your prices, offer special promotions, launch a new marketing campaign, or expand into a new geographic area. For expansion or plans that require a large investment, it’s important to implement the right capital budgeting techniques to ensure that potential future profits outweigh the upfront costs. Growing the number of sales is one thing, but another method of increasing cash is to up your average sale size from your existing customer base. This can involve looking for cross-selling opportunities or adding features to your products or services that come with additional charges. This strategy could also include a review of your pricing so you are maximizing profits where demand is the highest. Strategic partnerships with a profit share arrangement are worth considering, as well as looking at ways to generate additional revenue from underutilized assets like customer data. A major source of drag on cash flow is the time it takes between work being invoiced and a company being paid. This process can almost always be improved with better systems, and these days there are a wide variety of software solutions that can help. Simple additions such as automated payment reminders and offering multiple ways to pay can bring down receivables, and so can a review of your payment terms. Minimizing outflows is equally as important in improving cash flow as maximizing inflows. Here are some additional strategies to help balance the costs size of the operating cash flow formula. One of the most obvious ways to reduce outflows is to lower the cost of goods sold. Renegotiating contracts with suppliers can yield additional percentage points of gross profit, which flows directly through to operating cash flow. Holding excess stock can become very expensive and can have a major impact on operating cash flow, making inventory management an important capital budgeting technique. The use of technology and software can pay big dividends here, with cash forecasting able to better predict inventory needs throughout the year. Better inventory management means improved financial efficiency, without the need for any reduction in product or service quality, making it an area that FP&A teams should put significant focus into. Along the same line, broader long-term strategic planning can improve the systemic efficiency of a business and help reduce unnecessary outflows in the future. Creating long-term forecasts and corporate plans gives executives more time to execute them, which can lead to better prices and less reliance on volatile “on the spot” purchases. For example, consider a growing company looking to build an additional manufacturing facility. They’ll have more time to find and negotiate cost effective contracts if they are planning multiple years ahead than if they are scrambling to keep up with demand. Long-term planning is key to growing and sustaining healthy operating cash flow. Accurate and timely projected cash flow and balance sheet projections will ensure that executives are able to make considered strategic decisions, rather than being rushed into options that might not be optimal. Not only does this provide better opportunities for growth, but it helps reduce business risk. There are a number of important factors to consider when creating effective cash flow forecasts, such as: Technology has drastically improved cash flow optimization, and there are a wide range of tools available to help automate and simplify the process for companies of all sizes. These tools connect up different parts of a company’s web of financial data, helping consolidate and automate reporting and analysis. This can save significant time, allowing your team to operate leaner and more efficiently, which can improve operating cash flow. Cube is one such example. An FP&A platform designed for modern businesses, it offers dynamic financial planning solutions for crafting cash flows, building multiple scenario forecasts and analyses, and more. Cube delivers a comprehensive solution, streamlining all your cash management processes in one place. Like many aspects of business, maintaining healthy operating cash flow is simple in theory—but it's far more complicated in practice. Here are some final cash flow best practices and insights for maintaining healthy operating cash flow: Operating cash flow is a useful indicator of a company's efficiency and overall financial health. By effectively managing cash, monitoring transactions, and using forecasting tools, you can improve your company's financial stability and support growth. Want to learn how Cube can help make this process simpler and more efficient? Request a free demo today.Understanding operating cash flow
Assessing your current operating cash flow
The operating cash flow formula
Analyzing operating cash flow
Operating cash flow red flags
Strategies for increasing cash inflows
Increase sales
Increase average sale size
Improve the invoicing and collections process
Effective management of cash outflows
Reduce costs of goods sold (COGS)
Improve inventory management
Long-term thinking
Cash flow forecasting and planning
Leveraging technology for cash flow optimization
Best practices and actionable insights
Conclusion: keeping an eye on cash flow
Greetings, I'm an experienced finance professional deeply versed in financial planning and analysis, particularly in the realm of operating cash flow (OCF). My extensive background in financial strategy, coupled with hands-on experience as an FP&A strategist, positions me as a knowledgeable resource on the subject.
Let's delve into the article discussing Billy Russell, an FP&A Strategist at Cube Software, and his insights on operating cash flow. The article provides a comprehensive understanding of operating cash flow, its importance, and strategies for optimizing it. Here's a breakdown of the concepts used:
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Operating Cash Flow (OCF):
- Definition: The cash that comes in and goes out of a company's main business activities.
- Example: In a pet shop chain, OCF includes revenue from selling pet-related products, expenses like wholesale costs, and staff wages.
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Operating Cash Flow Formula:
- Formula: OCF = Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization - Net Working Capital.
- Explanation: Net income is adjusted for non-cash items like depreciation, and changes in working capital are considered.
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Analyzing OCF:
- Comparison: Comparing OCF over periods helps assess trends in financial efficiency.
- Industry Benchmarking: Comparisons with industry leaders or averages provide context.
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OCF Red Flags:
- Negative OCF: Indicates potential issues with the business model.
- Changes in Working Capital: A significant drop may signal business risk.
- Reliance on Non-operating Cash Flow: Indicates potential concerns for FP&A teams.
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Strategies for Increasing Cash Inflows:
- Increase Sales: Various methods like expanding sales force or launching marketing campaigns.
- Increase Average Sale Size: Cross-selling, pricing review, and strategic partnerships.
- Improve Invoicing and Collections Process: Automation, multiple payment options, and better payment terms.
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Effective Management of Cash Outflows:
- Reduce Costs of Goods Sold (COGS): Renegotiating supplier contracts to improve gross profit.
- Improve Inventory Management: Use of technology for better inventory forecasting.
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Long-term Thinking:
- Strategic Planning: Planning ahead for expansion or major investments.
- Cash Flow Forecasting and Planning: Importance of accurate and timely projections.
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Leveraging Technology for Cash Flow Optimization:
- Cube Software: An FP&A platform designed for dynamic financial planning, offering comprehensive cash flow solutions.
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Best Practices and Insights:
- Robust Forecasts: Planning for maximizing operating cash flow.
- Efficient Invoicing and Receivables: Timely and accurate invoicing and payment collection.
- Expense Management: Keeping costs down without compromising quality.
- Technology Utilization: Implementing software to streamline processes.
In conclusion, the article emphasizes the significance of operating cash flow, provides practical strategies for improvement, and highlights the role of technology, with Cube Software as an example. It emphasizes the importance of robust forecasting and efficient financial practices for maintaining healthy operating cash flow and supporting growth.